來源：Chang Ai-Lien, Salma Khalik, 海峽時報, 4 FEB 2020, 原文網址
SINGAPORE - Singapore has recorded its first cases of local coronavirus transmission, with four women here infected who had not travelled to Wuhan, the epicentre of the outbreak.
新加坡 - 新加坡出現首宗本地傳染武漢肺炎案例，有四名受感染的女性從未去過疫情爆發的源頭 - 武漢。
Two work at Yong Thai Hang, a Chinese health products shop in Cavan Road, in Lavender, that caters to Chinese tour groups.
其中兩人在永泰行上班，這是在拉文德的卡凡路上的一家中式健康食品專賣店，做很多中國旅行團的生意。
The third is a maid of one of the women, while the fourth is a tour guide who had taken groups to the same shop.
第三位女性是個幫傭，而第四位女性則是帶團到那家永泰行的導遊。
可疑的旅行團已返回中國。
In addition, another two confirmed cases were announced on Tuesday (Feb 4).
此外，另外兩個確診案例於週二公佈（二月四日）。
The two were among a group of 92 people flown back to Singapore from Wuhan on a Scoot flight last Thursday. Before this, another two on the same flight had been reported as confirmed cases.
這兩位都在上週四由武漢飛回新加坡。在此之前，相同的班機上也有兩人被通報為確診案例。
目前在新加坡有24個確認病例。
這四個新案例已經構成了"有限度本地傳染情形"，週二新加坡衛生部對此表示。
"There is, however, no evidence of widespread community transmission," said Health Minister Gan Kim Yong at a press conference.
衛生部長顏金勇在記者會上表示："然而，沒有證據顯示會發生大規模社區傳染。"
"Despite our best efforts, Singapore could still see extensive community spread," he told reporters.
他告訴記者："即使我們盡最大努力，新加坡仍有可能面臨大規模社區傳染情形。"
如果此事成真，新加坡將考慮採取更進一步措施以減少人與人之間的接觸 - 例如取消大型集會、暫停學校開學與削減非關鍵的照護服務，這些措施目標都是用來減緩疫情傳播的速度。
The country has been preparing for such clusters, and measures implemented so far have been directed towards preventing and containing the risk of spread beyond such local clusters to the broader community, MOH said.
衛生部說：我國已經對這種群聚感染有所準備，迄今也已實施了一些措施來避免、遏止這樣的群聚感染擴大為更廣泛的社區傳染。
As surveillance has been stepped up, more such local clusters are expected, including more cases of local transmission, it added.
衛生部還說：當監控層級更為上升，可能會發現更多諸如此類的群聚感染，包含出現更多本地感染的病例。
The ministry has also started contact tracing to ring-fence the cluster and limit further spread.
衛生部已經開始追蹤這群人所有的接觸對象以求控制情勢，阻止疫情擴散。
Cases with limited community transmission are not unexpected, said Mr Gan, who co-chairs a multi-ministry task force to defend the country against the virus.
顏金勇身兼跨部會的防疫指揮官，他說道：出現"有限度本地傳染情形"並不在意料之外。
"This is a scenario which we are prepared for," he said, noting that efforts will help reduce the risk of escalation.
他說："我們對此情境早有準備。"他指出國家的努力將會幫助減少疫情擴散的風險。
"As the situation evolves, we will step up our posture accordingly to further contain the situation in Singapore."
"隨著情勢演變，我們將會升級各項控制措施以掌握住新加坡的疫情發展。"
With local transmission happening here, the Government is stepping up cleaning of public areas, as well as measures to lower the risk for vulnerable groups such as young children and the elderly.
由於已經出現本地傳染的情形，政府也開始加強公眾區域的整潔，以求降低像是孩童與長者這類易受感染者的風險。
To keep students safe, for instance, schools will implement staggered recess times, and stop activities such as mass assemblies and school camps. Eldercare facilities will also suspend excursions and large-scale gatherings.
例如，為了保護學童的安全，學校的下課時間將會錯開，大型集會與營隊活動也會停止。安養中心也將會停止外出遊覽與大規模的集會。
As an added precaution, the authorities said they are also contacting people with similar profiles to the four cases of local transmission, who have had recent close contact with individuals with travel history to China.
作為附加的預防性措施，當局表示他們還會聯繫那些與四個本地傳染的病例有類似背景的，最近與中國旅遊人仕密切接觸的人。
In addition, all patients with pneumonia at public hospitals have been tested for the 2019-nCoV, as the virus is called, since last week.
此外，所有公立醫院的肺炎病患從上週起都已接受2019新型冠狀病毒的檢測。
Current evidence suggests that the virus can be spread by droplets from infected individuals, and the best way to prevent this is through personal hygiene and social responsibility. Businesses and organisations are also advised to clean their premises more often, especially high-traffic areas.
目前的證據顯示此病毒可以透過病人的飛沫傳染，要遏止傳染最好的方式是保持個人衛生與維護社會秩序。企業與組織最好要更常清潔他們的工作場所，特別是人來人往的區域。
The earlier 18 confirmed cases of the virus here were all imported, comprising 16 Chinese nationals and two Singaporeans who had all travelled recently to Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province.
先前的18個確認病例全是境外移入，包含16位中國人與2個新加坡人，全都在近期去過武漢，此處為中國湖北省的首府。
One has been discharged, said the ministry on Tuesday.
衛生部在週二表示，其中一人已經出院。
MOH also said that as of Tuesday, 12pm, 289 of the suspected cases have tested negative for the coronavirus. The test results for 20 more cases are pending.
衛生部還說，在週二中午12點，289位疑似病例檢測結果均為陰性。還有20多位的檢測仍在進行。
The ministry has identified 311 close contacts of the confirmed cases as well. Of these, 239 are still in Singapore, with 234 contacted and being quarantined or isolated. Efforts are being made to contact the remaining five close contacts.
衛生部同時也找出311位與確診案例有密切接觸的人。其中有239位人還在新加坡，並已經有234人接受隔離檢疫。還有5人的下落還在追查。
The ministry said that once a confirmed case of the virus is identified, it will closely monitor all close contacts. As a precautionary measure, they will be quarantined for 14 days from their last exposure to the patient.
衛生部說一旦有一個確認案例出現，所有有相關接觸的人將會被密切監控。作為一個預防性措施，他們將會被隔離14天，計算方式是由他們與病患最近一次接觸的時間開始。
All other identified contacts who have a low risk of being infected will be under active surveillance, and contacted daily to monitor their health status.
所有其他相對感染風險較小的接觸者仍將會受到監控，政府會每天聯絡他們，並了解他們的健康狀態。
The updates were given after a two-day lull on Sunday and Monday, when no new cases were reported.
在週日與週一兩天平靜無事沒有新病例出現的情形下，週二一下子出現這樣的轉折。
The coronavirus outbreak shows no signs of abating, and while Singapore has put in place multiple lines of defence to check cases coming in from abroad or being passed within the community, it must prepare for a long fight against the virus, Mr Gan had told Parliament on Monday.
顏部長週一在國會表示：武漢肺炎的疫情毫無減緩跡象，新加坡已準備多重的防禦措施均已到位，包含檢查境外移入病例或是在社區內部被傳染的。總之，這是一場長期抗戰。
The coronavirus was first reported in Wuhan late last year. As of Monday, it had infected more than 20,000 people and claimed over 420 lives, mainly in China.
武漢肺炎在去年年底首先在武漢出現。到週一為止，已感染了超過2萬人，並有超過420人喪命，大部分都是在中國。
Outside mainland China, there have been close to 300 cases and two deaths, one each in Hong Kong and the Philippines.
中國本土以外的情形，有接近300個確診病例與2人死亡，分別出現在香港與菲律賓。
Global authorities have warned of more person-to-person spread, with the United States, Thailand, South Korea and Hong Kong all reporting local transmission.
各國均已對此病毒的更多人傳人感染發出示警，包含美國、泰國、南韓與香港都回報有本地傳染情形。
On Tuesday, Malaysian health authorities also confirmed the first citizen to be infected with the coronavirus, bringing the total number of confirmed cases in the country to 10. They said the 41-year-old Malaysian had travelled to Singapore for a meeting last month with colleagues from China - including one from Wuhan. But he showed symptoms only on Jan 29, nearly a week after he returned to Malaysia.
在週二，馬來西亞衛生主管單位也確認了第一起馬國公民感染武漢肺炎的病例，把該國的總確診人數提昇到了10名。他們說這位41歲的馬來西亞公民是在上個月去新加坡與來自中國的同事開會 - 其中一人來自武漢。但他是一直到1月29日才開始出現症狀，而這已經是他回到馬來西亞一週後的事了。
Chinese data suggests that the coronavirus, while much more contagious than Sars, is significantly less lethal, although such numbers can evolve rapidly. It very likely passed from certain wild animals to humans at Wuhan's South China Seafood Market and then evolved into human-to-human transmission.
中國的資料顯示，雖然病例數字會快速攀升，但比SARS病毒更具傳染力的武漢肺炎病毒明顯的更不具致命危險。它很有可能是在武漢華南海鮮市場從某種野生動物傳染到人類身上，然後發展成能人傳人的病毒。
Singaporeans are advised to defer all travel to Hubei and all non-essential travel to China, while visitors with recent travel to China will not be allowed entry here.
新加坡政府建議國民完全不要去湖北、與所有非必要的中國行程，而最近有去過中國的旅客將無法入境。
The Six New Cases
六宗新病例
- The 19th case is a 28-year-old Singapore permanent resident, a woman who had no recent travel history to China. She works as a sales staff member at health product shop Yong Thai Hang at 24, Cavan Road, in Lavender, that primarily served Chinese tourists.
第19例為28歲的新加坡永久居民，她沒有中國旅遊史。她在拉文德的卡凡路上的永泰行，一家中式健康食品專賣店擔任銷售員，主要服務中國旅客。
She developed a sore throat and fever on Jan 29 and was taken to Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) last Thursday, but was discharged from hospital after her chest X-Ray result came back negative for pneumonia.
她在1月29日喉嚨痛、發燒，而在上週四前往陳篤生醫院就診，然而在胸部X光沒有看到肺炎病徵後出院。
She did not leave her home in Jalan Bukit Merah from Friday to Sunday and was admitted to the Singapore General Hospital (SGH) on Monday.
在禮拜五到禮拜天間她沒有離開他在武吉美拉路的住處，而在週一她才到新加坡綜合醫院入院治療。
- The 20th case is a 48-year-old Singaporean, a woman who also had no recent travel history to China. She lived in Hougang Street 61 and also worked at Yong Thai Hang.
第20例為48歲的新加坡人，她也沒有中國旅遊史。也在永泰行工作的她住在后港61街。
She reported symptoms on Jan 25 and was admitted to the National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID) on Monday.
她在1月25日出現症狀，而在週一進入新加坡國家傳染病中心治療。
- The 21st case is a 44-year-old Indonesian woman who also had no recent travel history to China. She is the domestic helper of case 19, and stayed with her employer in her home in Jalan Bukit Merah. She reported symptoms on Sunday and had not left her home since then.
第21例是44歲的印尼女性，她也沒有中國旅遊史。她是第19例的幫傭，與其雇主一起住在武吉美拉路。她在星期日出現症狀且自此沒有離開住處。
She was admitted to SGH on Monday.
她在星期一到新加坡綜合醫院入院治療。
- The 22nd and 23rd cases are Singaporeans evacuated from Wuhan on Jan 30. They did not have symptoms when they boarded the flight and were quarantined when they landed in Singapore.
第22與23例是在1月30日由武漢撤僑歸來的新加坡人。當他們登機的時候並沒有出現症狀，直到抵達新加坡他們才被隔離。
The two cases tested positive for the coronavirus on Monday even though they still showed no symptoms.
這兩例在週一被檢測出武漢肺炎病毒陽性，而此時他們甚至還沒有出現任何症狀。
They are now warded in isolation rooms at NCID.
他們現在被收治在新加坡國家傳染病中心隔離病房。
All Singaporeans evacuated from Wuhan were, as an added precaution, were tested for the coronavirus.
所有由武漢撤僑回來的國人，為了安全起見，還是都會接受武漢肺炎病毒的檢測。
- Case 24 is a 32-year-old Singaporean who had no recent travel history in China.
She is a tour guide who took groups to Yong Thai Hang, the same shop where cases 19 and 20 worked.
第24例是32歲的新加坡人，她沒有中國旅遊史。她是個會帶旅行團至永泰行消費的導遊，那正是第19與20例的工作地點。
The tour guide did not show any symptoms when she went to NCID on Monday. She was immediately isolated and is now warded in an isolation room in the centre.
She tested positive for the virus on Tuesday afternoon.
星期一的時候，當她去到新加坡國家傳染病中心時並未出現任何症狀。她立即被隔離，並落腳於中心的隔離病房。她在星期二下午被檢測出武漢肺炎病毒陽性。
Discharged
康復出院
One of the confirmed cases, case seven, a 35-year-old Wuhan resident, has recovered and tested negative for the virus. He was discharged from NCID on Tuesday.
第7例確認病例是一位35歲的武漢居民，已經痊癒且病毒檢測為陰性。他已經在週二由國家傳染病中心出院。
註釋：
epicenter: 震央，爆發地。
cater: 招待
paring down: 削減至最低限度
NCID: National Center for Infectous Diseases, 新加坡國家傳染病中心
pneumonia: 肺炎
premise: 工作場所
put ... in place: 就定位
沒有留言:
張貼留言