An estimated 8.4 million people in England are living in an unaffordable, insecure or unsuitable home, according to the National Housing Federation.
根據英國國家住房協會的估計，有840萬英格蘭人住在付不起、不安全或根本不合適的房子裡。
來源：BBC, 23 SEP 2019, 原文網址The federation said analysis suggests the housing crisis was impacting all ages across every part of the country.
協會說分析結果顯示住房危機影響整個國家所有地區的每個年齡層的人們。
It includes people facing issues such as overcrowded housing or being unable to afford their rent or mortgage.
這包含人們遭遇到的問題例如：住的太過擁擠或是根本付不起房租或是貸款。
The government said housing was "a priority" and it had delivered 430,000 affordable homes since 2010.
政府說住房問題"優先"處理，而且說由2010年來已經提供了43萬戶大家付的起的房子。
The research, carried out by Heriot-Watt University on behalf of the federation, used data from the annual Understanding Society survey of 40,000 people by the University of Essex.
研究由赫瑞瓦特大學代表該住房協會辦理，使用的資料來源為艾賽克斯大學針對4萬名受訪對象進行"了解社會"的年度調查。
The figures were scaled up to reflect England's total population of nearly 56 million.
數字會做比例的調整以反映英格蘭整體五千六百萬人口的情形。
- Inside the housing crisis: Why I live in a cupboard（住房危機之中：為什麼我住在紙箱裡）
- Where can I afford to live?（住哪我才付的起？）
- Where does rent hit young people the hardest?（哪裡的房租傷年輕人傷的最深？）
研究結果估計：
- 3.6 million people are living in an overcrowded home (360萬人住在過於擁擠的房子裡)
- 2.5 million are unable to afford their rent or mortgage (250萬人付不起房租或貸款)
- 2.5 million are in "hidden households" they cannot afford to move out of, including house shares, adults living with their parents, or people living with an ex-partner (250萬人是屬於隱性的住戶，可能是負擔不起搬出去的開銷，所以共住一間房、與父母同住或是與前伴侶同居。)
- 1.7 million are in unsuitable housing such as older people stuck in homes they cannot get around and families in properties which have no outside space (170萬人住在不適合的屋子裡，例如老人住在不適合其活動的空間或是有一家子大小卻沒有適當的戶外空間等。)
- 1.4 million are in poor quality homes (140萬人住在品質堪憂的房子裡)
- 400,000 are homeless or at risk of homelessness - including people sleeping rough, living in homeless shelters, temporary accommodation or sofa-surfing (40萬人無家可歸或有無家可歸的風險 - 這包含露宿街頭、收容所、暫時住處或當沙發客)
People were considered to be living in overcrowded homes if a child had to share their bedroom with two or more children, sleep in the same room as their parents, or share with a teenager who was not the same sex as them.
協會表示有些人可能會有上述一項以上的問題。如果小孩必須與兩個以上的小孩共用房間、或是與父母同睡一間房、或是不同性別的青少年得共用房間，這就算是住在太過擁擠的空間了。
Homes where an adult had to share their bedroom with someone other than a partner were also considered overcrowded.
如果是成年人必須與伴侶以外的人共住一間房也算是太過擁擠了。
Anna's story: 'I felt powerless'
安娜的故事：'我感到無力'
After her relationship with her husband broke down, Anna spent five months trying to find somewhere to live with her four-year-old daughter in south-east London.
在結束與丈夫的關係後，安娜花了5個月的時間試圖在東南倫敦找到與他4歲女兒的棲身之所。
Although she was working full-time in social care, she was shocked at how difficult it was to find someone who would rent to a single parent.
雖然她有社會福利方面的全職工作，她仍對於難以找到有人願意租房子給單親媽媽感到震驚。
Even when Anna found somewhere she felt she could afford, landlords would not consider her because her income was less than three-and-a-half times the monthly rent, while others refused to let to someone with a child.
即使當安娜找到了一個地方她覺的她可以付的起的時候，房東卻因他的收入小於房租的3.5倍而斷然拒絕。而其他一些房東則是拒絕有小孩的房客。
"It was virtually impossible," the 36-year-old told the BBC.
"這幾乎是不可能的事情。" 36歲的她這麼說。
"I remember seeing one house for £1,400 a month which was literally a corridor in a basement - it was so mouldy and humid.
我記得有看到一間一個月要1400英鎊的房子，根本就只是地下室裡的一條廊道嘛 - 都是霉味又潮濕。
"But they still said I didn't earn enough to be able to afford it."
"他們竟然還說這間妳付不起。"
"It made me feel really powerless and frustrated," she added.
"這讓我感到很無力又沮喪。"
Anna said she was "losing all hope" when a friend offered to rent a house to her below market rate.
安娜說他"絕望"，直到有一個朋友願意以低於行情價格租她房子。
"I don't know what I would have done if a friend hadn't been able to help me out when I needed it," she said, adding that she still doesn't feel completely secure.
她說："要不是那個朋友能在我急需的時候挺身而出幫忙，我真不知道該怎麼做。"然而，她仍感到有些不安。
"I just have no idea what I'll do if my friend needs to rent her house out at full price in the future."
"如果我的朋友哪天需要以原價租出她的房子時，我就真的不知道該怎麼辦了。"
Social housing call
社會住宅的需求
The report also estimated that around 3.6 million people could only afford to live decently if they were in social housing - almost double the number on the government's official social housing waiting list.這份報告還估計了大約360萬人得住在社會住宅才能才有錢支應像樣的生活 - 這大約是目前排隊等候社會住宅的人數的兩倍。
Social housing rents are on average 50% cheaper than from private landlords, contracts are more secure and many properties are designed specifically for older people with mobility issues, the federation said.
協會說：社會住宅的租金大約比一般私人房東便宜50%，合約對房客來說更有保障、各項設施也有針對年長者的行動問題特別設計。
It said the country needed 340,000 new homes every year, including 145,000 social homes, to meet the housing demand.
協會表示整個國家每年需要34萬的新房，包含14萬5千棟社會住宅才能滿足國人住房的需求。
Kate Henderson, Chief Executive at the National Housing Federation, called for "a return to proper funding for social housing".
國家住房協會首席執行官凱特漢德森呼籲"應投注更充裕的資金在社會住宅上。"
"From Cornwall to Cumbria, millions of people are being pushed into debt and poverty because rent is too expensive, children can't study because they have no space in their overcrowded homes, and many older or disabled people are struggling to move around their own home because it's unsuitable," she said.
她說："從康瓦耳到坎布里亞(算是英格蘭由南到北吧)，數以百萬計的人由於房租過於昂貴而陷入貧困與負債，小孩們因為家裡的空間不足沒辦法好好學習，還有許多年長者與行動不便者因為設施不便連在家裡都寸步難行。"
A spokesman for the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government said in 2018 the government built more homes than in all but one of the last 31 years.
It has also cracked down on rogue landlords, banned unfair letting fees and capped deposits - saving renters at least £240m a year, he added.
住房、社區與地方政府部的發言人表示在2018年政府建置的房屋數量在過去31年來可是排行第二多的。他們還致力於打擊壞房東、禁止不公平的仲介費與設定押金上限。他說：這樣替房客們每年節省了2億4000萬英鎊。
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